2025-08-05

 Discounted Cash Flow

?? Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Method — Demystifying Assumptions

When future potential matters more than current numbers, DCF is the go-to method.

It’s forward-looking, assumption-heavy, and often seen as the most defensible method — if done right.

 

?? What is the DCF Method?

It values a business based on the present value of expected future free cash flows, discounted back using a rate that reflects the business’s risk.

?? Formula (simplified):

DCF Value = Σ [FCF / (1 + r)^t] + Terminal Value
Where:

  • FCF = Free Cash Flow
  • r = Discount rate (usually WACC)
  • t = Time (years)

 

?? Key Assumptions to Get Right:

  1. Revenue Growth Rate – Over-optimism kills credibility
  2. Margins & Expenses – Must align with past trends or strategic plans
  3. CapEx & Working Capital – Often underestimated
  4. Discount Rate (WACC) – Must reflect business-specific risk
  5. Terminal Value – Most sensitive & impactful part

 

?? When to Use DCF:

  • Startups with projected revenues
  • High-growth companies
  • Tech / SaaS businesses
  • Long-term strategy planning
  • Valuation for ESOPs / 409A / Sec. 56(2)(viib)

 

?? Why it matters:

  • Legally accepted (under Rule 11UA)
  • Justifies premium valuations in early-stage rounds
  • Builds investor confidence when assumptions are sound

?? “DCF is like storytelling — but with numbers, discipline, and logic.”

 

??Next Up: Market Multiples Method — How Comparables Shape Perception

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Frequently Asked Questions

We provide professional valuation services across the following asset classes:
  • Land & Building (Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Agricultural)
  • Plant & Machinery (Manufacturing units, industrial assets)
  • Securities or Financial Assets (Equity shares, debentures, startups, AIFs)
  • Specialized Valuations for M&A, financial reporting, IBC, income tax, and more

Yes, our reports are fully compliant with applicable laws including:
  • Companies Act, 2013
  • SEBI Regulations (SAST, ICDR, AIF)
  • IBC, 2016
  • Income Tax Act, 1961
  • Valuation Standards by ICAI, IBBI, and IVSC

Absolutely. We have IBBI-Registered Valuers under all three categories—Land & Building, Plant & Machinery, and Securities/Financial Assets. Our team also includes experienced chartered accountants and engineers.

We serve a wide range of clients including:
  • Companies & Startups
  • CA & Law Firms
  • Banks & NBFCs
  • Government Departments
  • Individuals & HUFs

Our process is simple and efficient:
  1. Initial consultation to understand the requirement
  2. Document collection and site visit (if needed)
  3. Data analysis and valuation calculation
  4. Final report delivery, certified by a Registered Valuer

Key documents generally include:
  • Ownership/title documents
  • Asset photos or plant list
  • Latest financials
  • Company PAN, GST, or registration
  • Cap tables or investment details (for startups)

Turnaround time:
  • Land/Building or Plant & Machinery: 3–7 working days
  • Financial Assets / Startups: 1–7 working days
  • Fast-track services available on request.

Valuation may be required for:
  • Startup fundraising & ESOPs
  • Business transfers or buyouts
  • Regulatory compliance (SEBI, IBC, Income Tax)
  • Bank loans or mortgages
  • Fair value financial reporting
  • Mergers & Acquisitions

Yes, we specialize in:
  • 409A compliant valuations
  • DCF, NAV, and Berkus method-based startup valuations
  • ESOP pricing & compliance support

Our fees are competitive and project-specific, based on:
  • Nature and size of asset
  • Complexity of engagement
  • Regulatory requirements
  • Contact us for a personalized quote.

Our detailed reports feature:
  • Valuation method and justification
  • Market research & data
  • Key assumptions and disclaimers
  • Final value conclusion
  • Certificate by the Registered Valuer

Yes. We offer remote/desk-based valuation for startups, financial assets, and select use-cases. For physical assets, we usually require on-site verification.

Yes. We offer:
  • Monthly/quarterly retainer packages
  • Bulk valuation pricing for CA firms, legal advisors, banks, and corporates

Yes. Client confidentiality is paramount. All data shared is stored securely and not disclosed to any third party without your consent.

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